Molecular and serological characterization of hepatitis B vaccine breakthrough infections in serial samples from two plasma donors
Abstract Background Although vaccines for hepatitis B virus (HBV) are highly effective, HBV infections in vaccinees occur.Index samples of breakthrough infections are typically anti-HBc negative but HBV DNA positive with protective anti-HBs levels while HBsAg detection may be delayed or absent.HBsAg mutations have been associated with some vaccine